Older classification classified them into Extra articular fractures i.e. Colles' and Smith's fractures and Intra articular fractures i.e. Volar or dorsal Barton's fractures.

The classification by Frykman takes into consideration the injury to inferior radio ulnar joint as well, which forms the part of the wrist joint complex.

Mechanism of Injury

In old individuals with osteoporotic bones, these injuries are caused due to trivial fall on the outstretched hand. While in younger patients these are sustained due to high velocity injuries, like fall from moving motor cycle.

Management

Non Operative Treatment

Non operative treatment may suffice for metaphyseal fractures without comminution, but for intra articular fractures or fractures with metaphyseal comminution surgery is essential to maintain the length of the radius and to preserve the function of the inferior radio ulnar joint i.e. prono-supination. It is also essential to maintain radial tilt in lateral and volar direction to get radio carpal joint function of dorsi and palmar flexion.

Operative Treatment

The common methods of fixation are either by open means using a buttress plate or by Semi invasive method using external fixation in distraction mode by the principle of Ligamentotaxis. Each has its indications, advantages and disadvantages.

Complications

If not treated properly, fractures of the lower end or the radius can lead to following sequels or complications Deformed and painful wrist with weak grip due to mal alignment either at the Radio carpal joint or Inferior radio ulnar joint. Carpal tunnel syndrome due to compression of Median nerve in the carpal tunnel Sudeck's osteodystrophy or Shoulder hand syndrome due to malfunctioning of autonomic nervous system Rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon.